International Journal of Social Science Archives (IJSSA)

An Analysis of Psychosocial Challenges Faced by University Students During Covid -19

2024-04-01T01:00:43+00:00

The majority of educators and students agreed that online learning was a preferable option during the pandemic. This study's primary goal was to examine the psychosocial difficulties college students had during COVID-19. The primary goals of the study were to identify the psychological problems that college students face. to assess how these relate to their comprehension, perspective, and application of COVID-19.should look into the different methods that students have employed to treat these illnesses. The whole student body at Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan served as the study's population. Using a deliberate selection technique, the departments of IBL and social science education were chosen to represent the study's sample. A questionnaire was used to gather data from the targeted department sample, and SPSS was used for data analysis. The gathered information was tallied, examined, and evaluated in relation to the study's goals. Conclusions were drawn from the data and then based on the research findings. Additionally, this study has highlighted the psychosocial problems and challenges that students face when learning online—problems that still need to be resolved. The conclusion emphasizes the assistance that the state, parents, educational institutions, and educators must offer in order to boost students' access to and participation in online learning.

Determining the Relationship of Green HRM towards Environmental Performance of Manufacturing Sector in Pakistan

2024-04-04T10:15:38+00:00

The primary objective of this study was to examine the relationship between Green Human Resource Management practices and environmental performance within workplace settings. Utilizing the lens of the AMO (Ability, Motivation, Opportunity) theory, a parallel mediating model was proposed, positing that Green HRM influences environmental performance through the mediating factors of organizational citizenship behavior towards the environment and organizational culture. A sample comprising 183 employees from manufacturing firms located in Rawalpindi and Islamabad, Pakistan, was selected using convenience sampling to test the hypotheses empirically. SmartPLS 3 software was employed, utilizing bootstrap procedures to validate the hypotheses. The findings revealed that both organizational citizenship behavior towards the environment and organizational culture play significant roles in augmenting the impact of Green HRM on environmental performance. Moreover, the results indicated that the implementation of Green HRM practices within manufacturing firms has the potential to foster sustainable organizational citizenship behavior and cultivate a green organizational culture. This study contributes significantly to the understanding of Green HRM practices, organizational citizenship behavior towards the environment, and organizational culture, particularly from the perspective of prospective stakeholders interested in promoting environmental sustainability within organizations. By empirically confirming the relationships outlined in the AMO theory framework, this research underscores the importance of integrating environmentally conscious HRM strategies into organizational policies and practices for achieving enhanced environmental performance and fostering a culture of sustainability.

Language, Politics, and Power: Unveiling Putin's Annexation Narrative through Fairclough’s Model

2024-04-01T09:31:42+00:00

If used correctly, language can be a guiding force, allowing an individual to influence others and achieve the desired results. However, the power of language can be used by politicians, one of whom is President Putin, and that was evidenced during the annexation ceremony of the four Ukrainian regions by Russia. Thus, the purpose of this paper is a critical analysis of Putin’s speech, and the author employed Fairclough’s three-dimensional discourse analysis to investigate how language is used to control mass opinion and gain dominance. The study results show that President Putin successfully used rhetoric to encourage nationalism and patriotism among (nearly) all Russians who were not satisfied by the set of events in Ukraine. Moreover, politicians can achieve the desired results by using several linguistic features and rhetorical strategies, and since a series of geopolitical conflicts mark international relations, that issue is essential. On the other hand, a more accurate understanding of the language and its usage can be achieved through critical discourse analysis. Therefore, in this paper, the author uses Norman Fairclough’s 3D Model of Critical Discourse Analysis to investigate President Putin’s linguistic features and rhetoric to understand the interrelation between language, power, and political discourse in contemporary conflicts.

A Comparative Analysis of Politeness Strategies in the Genderlect of Americans and Pakistanis in English TV Talk Shows

2024-04-01T05:58:30+00:00

The research aims to explore the differences in politeness strategies between Pakistani males and females, using English as their second language, and Native American males and females using English as their first language, specifically in the context of TV talk shows. The study investigates how politeness strategies vary based on gender, language proficiency, and cultural background, with a focus on positive and negative face-saving acts. The research methodology includes a quantitative analysis of twenty English-language TV talk shows from American and Pakistani channels, examining the politeness strategies used by hosts and guests of different genders. Findings of this study suggest that Pakistani speakers, especially males, tend to use more positive face-saving acts in interactions with females, while American speakers exhibit similar patterns but with variations based on cultural norms and language skills. Both cultures establish a preference for maintaining positive face and avoiding negative face-threatening acts, especially in cross gender interactions. The research study adds to what we already know about how language and gender are connected. It gives us new information about how people use politeness when they communicate with each other across different cultures. It also shows us how a person's language skills, their culture, and their gender all affect how they communicate with others. The results have implications for how we can make better communication between people from different languages and cultures.

Effects of the Decision of Separation of Teaching and Management Cadres at Elementary and Secondary Education Department in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, on Teaching-Learning Environment

2024-04-01T14:49:06+00:00

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of the decision to separate teaching and management cadres in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Elementary and Secondary Education Department (KPESED)on the teaching-learning environment. The research conducted was of descriptive character. The survey technique was employed for data collection. The data were obtained by administering a self-designed questionnaire to male and female teachers attending government primary schools in three tehsils within the district Nowshera. The study's target audience consisted of government primary school teachers in Nowshera district, together with Headmasters/Headmistresses of both boys' and girls' primary schools. The overall number of elementary teachers is 3026, consisting of 1755 males and 1271 females. The District of Nowshera has a total of 754 Headmasters/Headmistresses at the primary level, consisting of 426 males and 328 females. The study's sample consisted of 341 male and female instructors, as well as 426 male and female Headmasters/Headmistresses. These participants were recruited by a random sampling method. The data were subjected to analysis using the percentage of responses provided by the participants. The numeric result was derived from the tabulation of questions based on the responses provided by the respondents. The study's findings and conclusions indicate that the separation of teaching and management personnel in KPESED district Nowshera significantly affects the teaching and learning process, by effectively addressing departmental problems and issues, and reducing political interference in the education department. The move garnered support from a significant proportion of teachers and headmasters. Furthermore, the recently appointed officials have effectively addressed deficiencies within the school system to a significant degree. The choice has additionally enhanced the educational setting. This study suggests that the division between the teaching and managerial staff may be maintained.

From Violation to Vindication: Human Rights in the Aftermath of Crime

2024-04-02T09:10:20+00:00

This paper delves into the intricate dynamics between crime and human rights, emphasizing the comprehensive impact on victims, accused individuals, and the broader societal fabric. In the wake of criminal activities, victims often face a dual plight: the initial infringement of their rights and subsequent challenges navigating the justice system. Simultaneously, the rights of the accused, particularly concerning fair trial and presumption of innocence, are at risk of being compromised. The societal aftermath of crime can lead to heightened insecurity, stigmatization of groups, and an erosion of trust in public institutions, prompting measures that may infringe upon civil liberties. Through the lens of international human rights law, case studies, and rehabilitation initiatives, this research article aims to chart a course from the violation to the vindication of human rights post-crime. It proposes a multifaceted approach involving legal reforms, victim support, restorative justice practices, and the safeguarding of accused rights. This framework seeks not only to address the immediate effects of crime but also to restore social harmony and trust in the justice system, underpinning the development of a just and equitable society.

Teaching Practices for English Pronunciation among Higher Secondary Students at District Kotli

2024-04-07T06:33:38+00:00

The primary goal of teaching and learning English is to enable students to communicate effectively. Teachers place a strong emphasis on vocabulary and grammar, and pronunciation is kept at low priority. This study analyzed the current status of English pronunciation among students and identified common pronunciation errors. This study was descriptive in nature, and the target population consisted of students at nineteen public higher secondary schools in the district of Kotli. Keeping in view the location and situation at LOC, only thirteen schools were found accessible. A sample of 325 students enrolled in 12th grade was considered for data collection. A self-developed questionnaire for students titled “Challenges and Complications in English Pronunciation Questionnaire (CCIEPQ)” was used, comprising three main categories of challenges, support, and teaching practices for English pronunciation. Pilot testing was done on twenty students and validity was improved by experts’ opinion. The reliability of the questionnaire was determined by Cronbach alpha and found to be 0.960. For data collection the researcher personally visited schools of district Kotli AJ&K with the prior permission of the concerned administration. It was found that students faced many difficulties to pronounce particular words or phrases correctly, cultural and regional factors also influenced their pronunciation. Teachers have great classroom teaching practices for clear and consistent pronunciation by providing feedback and correction is crucial for students' progress important Regular practice and repetition helps to improve pronunciation skills. It was concluded that teachers possessed a solid foundation in language instruction, but they neglected to appropriately implement these strategies in their classroom instruction. It is recommended that English language learning be made easier for students by encouraging perfect context in the english books, integrate technology, utilize pronunciation apps or online tools for additional practice.

A Systematic Approach of Preserving Poorly Documented Nawab Nusrat Khan Tomb

2024-04-07T07:16:43+00:00

The 1947 independence was unsuccessful as far as the conservation of architecture monuments in Pakistan. The awareness and the importance of preserving architecture monuments that prevailed during the British time was majorly absent after independence. Lack of awareness lead to the disappearance of architecture monument’s works and the plundering of many others. The paper focuses on the study of Nawab Nusrat Khan Tomb, which has been one of the victims of these negligence and policy changes. The monument has been neglected to this time under various different government conservation policies and surrounding pressures to this day. The monument to till day exist within a strong site context and if not conserved or worked upon would deteriorate.The present study establishes a methodological basis to proceed with the conservation policy of many of these disappeared architecture monuments’ with keeping in mind the limited resources. So, to stop the further decay of these buildings and to preserve them for future generations. One of the major reasons for selecting this tomb is nothing has been written or documented about the tomb to this day. In order to save for the next generation. A minimum conceptual framework is developed with minimum resources so that many other monuments like these can be conserved or documented before they totally diminish.

Impact of Social, Financial, Political and Economic Globalization on Poverty: A Case Study of Pakistan

2024-04-08T00:48:22+00:00

Advocates of globalization view it as a key to future improvement; by and large, it is viewed as a positive power for enhanced personal satisfaction, speeding up of economic development, proficient designation of assets and more noteworthy efficiency upgrades. The study investigates and surveys the effect of economic, financial, political and social globalization on poverty reduction in Pakistan. Various proxies have been used for all types of globalization and indices for them are generated through Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The motivation behind index construction is to foresee outcomes on poverty through the easily available data on globalization. Time series data on Pakistan’s economy from 1988 – 2023 had been used to capture effects on poverty reduction in the presence of ARDL approach. Considering the revelations, the research proposes that economic, financial, political, globalization, and globalization contribute to poverty reduction. The results of social globalization show no negative impacts on poverty. This can be due to the increasing awareness and conscious regarding brands and contributes more towards relative poverty. Henceforth, policymakers ought to build the inflow of FDI, increase remittances and trade through security procurements to financial specialists, political dependability and macroeconomic steadiness. Upgradation in import substitutes, commercial ventures, and numerous different variables are required to control destitution.

Physics Learning Through 5E Model of Instructions: An Experimental Study

2024-04-09T10:33:46+00:00

In today's teaching and learning process, the 5E model of learning is seen as a good way to teach science. But there have not been many studies on it yet in the area of the study. So, this study was undertaken to look at how well the 5E model of leaning works compared to the traditional way of teaching in 9th-grade Physics. In this regard, a null hypothesis was tested using ANCOVA, with the significance level set at p < 0.05. The nature of the study was experimental, and purposive sampling technique was used. The study used a group of 72 students from Peshawar, equally divided into two groups: one taught with traditional methods and the other with the 5E model. Both groups took a test before and after the treatment / teaching to measure / see how much they learned and assessed them in the form of test scores. The results showed that the group taught with the 5E model significantly performed better. This means the 5E model helps students learn Physics better than traditional teaching methods. So, it was found that overall, the 5E model is a good way for teachers to teach. It helps students learn more and makes teaching more organized. It is recommended that teachers should develop their skills for designing a constructivist learning environment within the classroom. To achieve this, teachers should be given in-service training on the 5E model of learning. Thus teachers should learn about the 5E model to make their teaching better.

Evaluating the Efficacy of Continuing Professional Development (CPD) Programs in Mardan: Teacher Perspectives in Professional Growth and School Improvement

2024-04-11T05:29:22+00:00

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the perceptions that teachers have regarding continuous professional development programmes, as well as the impact that these programmes have on the teachers' professional development and the academic advancement of their schools. To be more explicit, the purpose of the study was to examine the quality and effectiveness of continuing professional development programmes by assessing the perspectives and beliefs held by teachers. A sample of 80 teachers was used for the research project, and quantitative instruments such as structured questionnaires were used to collect data from them. The results of the study showed that teachers had a favourable and significant perception of the professional development programmes that were designed to boost their professional progress. It was viewed by teachers that trainers should work more cooperatively with teachers, such as listening to them, mentoring them, and coaching them rather than teaching them. As a new powerful and effective instrument to improve their school environment, teachers especially valued the sense of collaboration that existed between others in the teaching profession. In addition, the study divulged the components that constitute the quality of programmes for continuing professional development as well as the aspects that have the potential to contribute to the successful execution of such programmes.

A Study of Monitoring and Evaluation Practices at Secondary School Level in Pakistan

2024-04-15T17:13:28+00:00

The current study aimed to identify the Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) practices at the secondary school level in Pakistan that described the practices and their outcomes in various school aspects in Pakistan. The study analyzed the existing monitoring and evaluation practices at the secondary school level in Pakistan, to identify the gaps in existing monitoring and evaluation practices and to propose a strategy for bridging the gaps in the existing monitoring and evaluation system to enhance the operations of secondary schools in Pakistan. The principals’ opinions were gathered through a questionnaire while Regional Directors were interviewed to verify and cross-check the opinions of principals. Concurrent triangulation research design of mixed methods was used to take the qualitative and quantitative data for analysis to reach the conclusions. The population of the study consists of 12 Regional Directors (RDs), and 186 secondary school principals of Federal Govt Educational Institutions (FGEI) Cantonments and Garrisons (C/G). Census sampling technique was used and all the population of 12 RDs, and 186 principals of FGEI (C/G) Pakistan were taken as samples of the study. Validity of research tools were carried out through field experts while reliability was checked through Cronbach Alpha. The collected data were analyzed by the latest (version 2024) of SPSS. Mean and standard deviation were used as descriptive statistics while Chi-square was used as inferential statistics to check the significance of the statements. Interviews were conducted for 12 RDs for in-depth understanding and the interviews’ data were analyzed theme-wise through thematic analysis. The major findings revealed that the existing M&E practices in majority of the schools are traditional and are carried out without using any M&E model, emerging technology and independent body of external evaluators. In majority of the institutions only internal evaluation is conducted due to insufficient financial, material and human resources therefore, the existing M&E practices have low reliability and objectivity. Findings of the current study revealed that there is a need of M&E framework, using technologies, independent body of external evaluators. On the basis of the results of the study, a monitoring and evaluation model was proposed at the secondary school level so that it could include all the proposed equipment in the existing M&E system to improve the quality of academics, administration, infrastructure, physical facilities, and co-curricular activities.

Machine Learning Approaches to Sentiment Analysis in Linguistic

2024-04-15T06:17:00+00:00

In the present era of techs and machines, various machine learning models including Support Vector Machines (SVM), Naive Bayes, Decision Trees, and Neural Networks are examined in detail, highlighting their strengths, weaknesses, and suitability for sentiment analysis tasks. The objective of this study is to assess the effectiveness of different machine learning techniques in capturing nuances of sentiment expressed in linguistic texts. It is aimed to examine the performance of these approaches in handling challenges such as sarcasm, irony, and context-dependent sentiment. Through a comprehensive review and analysis of existing literature, the goal is to identify key research gaps and propose potential avenues for future research. In data procedure the extraction of textual data from websites, forums, social media platforms, and other online sources is known as data scraping. In data analysis performance evaluation to assessed the effectiveness of the model, compute a number of evaluation measures, including recall, accuracy, precision, F1-score, and confusion matrix. Analysed the model's predictions qualitatively by looking at samples that were incorrectly classified and detecting any biases or tendencies. In the results strong open-source NLP system BERT (Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers) is excellent at deciphering context and confusing words. The findings show that the selected method had a considerable impact on how well sentiment analysis models performed. The findings contribute to the advancement of sentiment analysis methodologies tailored specifically for linguistic data.

Economic Empowerment and Social Status of Pakhtoon Working Women

2024-04-15T11:04:52+00:00

This research work was performed to understand the relationship between social status and economic empowerment of Pakhtoon working women. The study used an online questionnaire which was directed at Pakhtoon women only. However, an attempt was made to keep the Pakhtoon context in the picture as well. Hence Northern Pakistan was taken as the universe of the study to assess the relationship in a Pakhtoon context. There were 100 responses out of 500 requests. The data was analyzed through SPSS software. Descriptive statistics and correlation methods were used for this study. The results showed that a working Pakhtoon woman's social status in the form of social inclusion, social acceptance, and social relations is highly correlated with her economic empowerment. It is concluded that financial independence and empowerment were the way toward the social inclusion of women in Pakhtoon society. It also creates good relations for her in society and she is socially accepted in personal and group capacity. It is recommended to give women permission to earn and include them in decision-making.

A Comparative Analysis: Structural Dispositions in Governance Performance Between the Musharraf Era and PTI-Led Local Governments

2024-04-18T18:25:02+00:00

This study investigates the local governance system in Pakistan during the tenures of General Pervez Musharraf and Imran Khan, addressing the persistent void created by political uncertainty in the structural framework. Throughout history, both civilian and military regimes have sought to shape the local governance system, introducing concepts and laws to enhance grassroots-level governance. The research critically examines these efforts, considering challenges and opportunities in establishing an effective local governance structure. Additionally, it assesses three rounds of local government elections under the devolution plan, exploring whether they empowered political figures at the expense of local development. The study probes reasons for continued authority centralization in military and civilian regimes, emphasizing the need for a comprehensive evaluation by an educated committee. Such oversight can monitor local governance activities from diverse perspectives. Given Pakistan's decentralization history, the study highlights central authorities' strategies to retain power, resisting governance shifts to the grassroots through amendments aimed at bringing government closer to the common people.