The Human Security Catastrophe in Afghanistan: A Human Needs Theory Perspective Post-U.S. Withdrawal
Abstract
This research article employs John Burton’s Human Needs Theory (HNT) as a theoretical framework to analyze the profound human security crisis in Afghanistan following the U.S. withdrawal and the Taliban’s return to power in August 2021. It posits that the failure to satisfy fundamental human needs—security, identity, well-being, and self-determination—is the primary driver of conflict and a critical barrier to sustainable peace. The article provides a detailed analysis of the deteriorating socio-political and economic landscape under the new Taliban regime, examining the collapse of the economy, the devastating food and health crises, and the systematic erosion of rights for women, minorities, and the media. It argues that the current situation, characterized by widespread deprivation and aggression, represents a frustration of basic human needs, which, if left unaddressed, will inevitably lead to renewed instability and violence. The study concludes that any viable peacebuilding strategy must prioritize a human security approach centered on fulfilling these non-negotiable human needs to achieve durable peace in Afghanistan.
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